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Could time travel soon become a reality? Physicists simulate sending quantum light particles into the past.

 

時間旅行將快成真?物理學家將光量子送回過去

 

 

.University of Queensland scientists simulate photons moving through time

昆士蘭大學科學家模擬光子穿梭時間的運動。

.They showed how two wormhole-travelling photons might behave

他們展示了光子對如何進行蟲洞旅行的可能行為。

.Time-travel in the quantum world seems to avoid famous paradoxes

在量子世界中的時光旅行似乎可以避免所有關於引起時間旅行的悖論。

.The experiment shows bizarre behaviour of such quantum particles

實驗證明了量子檢測粒子的怪異行為。

.But on larger scales time travel still remains implausible, say researchers

研究人員表明:對於大尺度的時間旅行,仍然令人難以置信。

 

 

By JONATHAN O'CALLAGHAN

 

PUBLISHED: 10:38 GMT, 23 June 2014 | UPDATED: 17:30 GMT, 24 June 2014

 

 

 

 

 

time-travel-simulated-australian-physicists

 

If a time traveller went back in time and stopped their own grandparents from meeting, would they prevent their own birth?

 

假若一個時間旅行者回到過去時間並阻礙他的祖父母見面,他們將會防止自己的誕生嗎?

 

 

 

 

 

 

That's the crux of an infamous theory known as the 'grandfather paradox', which is often said to mean time travel is impossible - but some researchers think otherwise.

 

這是一個臭名昭彰、被稱為“祖父悖論”的理論,其意味著也就是我們常說的時間旅行是不可能的癥結所在 - 但一些研究人員認為並非如此。

 

A group of scientists have simulated how time-travelling photons might behave, suggesting that, at the quantum level, the grandfather paradox could be resolved.

 

一個科學家小組已經模擬了如何讓光子進行時間旅行的可能行為,這表明,在量子的階層上,祖父悖論能夠得到解決。

 

The research was carried out by a team of researchers at the University of Queensland in Australia and their results are published in the journal Nature Communications.

 

這項研究是由在澳大利亞昆士蘭大學的一組研究人員所執行並將他們的研究成果發表在自然通訊期刊上。

 

The study used photons - single particles of light - to simulate quantum particles travelling back through time.

 

這項研究所使用的光子是 - 光的單一粒子 - 來模擬量子粒子穿梭時間做回到過去的時間旅行。

 

By studying their behaviour, the scientists revealed possible bizarre aspects of modern physics.

 

通過研究它們的行為,科學家們揭露了現代物理學可能怪異環節的一面。

 

In the simulation, the researchers examined two possible outcomes for a time-travelling photon.

 

在此次模擬中,研究人員檢測了一個光子做時間旅行後所產生的兩種可能結果。

 

In the simulation, the researchers examined the behaviour of a photon traveling through time and interacting with its older self.

 

在次模擬中,研究人員研究了光子穿梭時間旅行並與其較年長的自我互動的行為。

 


 

In their experiment they made use of the closely related, fictitious, case where the photon travels through normal space-time and interacts with another photon that is stuck in a time-travelling loop through a wormhole, known as a closed timelike curve (CTC). 

 

在他們的實驗中,他們利用了密切相關的,虛構的,案例下的光子穿梭正常的時空,並與另一個被卡在時間旅行迴圈穿梭蟲洞,被稱為一個封閉類時曲線(CTC)的光子相互作用。

 

 

Simulating the behaviour of this second photon, they were able to study the behaviour of the first - and the results show that consistent evolutions can be achieved when preparing the second photon in just the right way.

 

模擬第二個光子的行為,他們才能夠研究第一個光子的行為 - 而結果表明,以正確的方式準備第二個光子時,才能實現一致性的演變。

 

 

By definition 'quantum' refers to the smallest possible particles that can independently exist - such as photons.

 

根據“量子”的定義,其意指可以獨立地存在的最小可能的粒子- 例如光子。 

 

However, for macroscopic systems time-travel still faces problematic paradoxes.

 

然而,對於宏觀系統而言,時間旅行仍面臨悖論的問題。

 

 

In 1991 it was first predicted that time travel would be possible in the 'quantum world' because quantum particles behave almost outside the realms of physics.

 

在1991年首次被預測到,對於“量子世界”而言,時間旅行是有可能的,因為量子粒子的行為幾乎隔絕於物理學領域之外。

 

'The properties of quantum particles are "fuzzy" or uncertain to start with, so this gives them enough wiggle room to avoid inconsistent time travel situations,' said professor Timothy Ralph, one of the researchers on the latest study.

在最新的研究中,研究人員之一的蒂莫西·拉爾夫教授說:“量子粒子的特性是起源於”模糊“或不確定性的,所以這給了它們足夠的迴旋餘地,以避免在時間旅行時所衍生的不一致性情境”。

 

The results also give a better understand to how two theories in physics, on the biggest and smallest scales, are able to relate to one another.

 

研究結果,對於在最大和最小尺度上的彼此之間能夠相互影響的關係,在兩種物理理論上,也給出了一個更好地闡釋。

 

'The question of time travel features at the interface between two of our most successful yet incompatible physical theories ' Einstein's general relativity and quantum mechanics,' said PhD student Martin Ringbauer from the University of Queensland.

 

昆士蘭大學博士研究生馬丁說:『在我們的兩個最成功,但互不兼容的物理理論 -愛因斯坦的廣義相對論和量子力學之間,存在著關於「時間旅行」特性的界面問題“』。

 

'Einstein's theory describes the world at the very large scale of stars and galaxies, while quantum mechanics is an excellent description of the world at the very small scale of atoms and molecules.'

 

「愛因斯坦的理論所描述的世界規模,是超大尺度的恆星和星系,而量子力學所描述的世界規模,是極小尺度的原子和分子,兩者都各自地提供了一個對於不同尺度的完美解釋。」

 

Einstein's theory suggests the possibility of travelling backwards in time by following a space-time path that returns to the starting point in space but at an earlier time - a closed timelike curve (CTC).

 

愛因斯坦的理論認為依循著一個時空路徑,向著過去時間出發旅行的可行性,亦即返回到空間上,然而是一個較早時間的出發點 - 一個封閉類時曲線(CTC)。

 

This possibility has puzzled physicists and philosophers alike since it was discovered by Austrian-American scientist Kurt Gödel in 1949, as it seems to cause paradoxes in the classical world.

 

自從在1949年,CTC由美籍奧地利科學家庫爾特.哥德爾所發現後,由於有這種可能性發生,一直以來都困擾著物理學家和哲學家,它似乎在古典世界中導致了一個悖論的產生。

 

These include the 'grandparents paradox', where a time traveller could stop their grandparents from meeting, thus preventing the time traveller's birth.

 

其中包括「祖父母悖論」,一個時間旅行者因能阻礙他們的祖父母見面,從而防止時間旅行者自身的誕生。

 

This would make it impossible for the time traveller to have set out in the first place.

 

首先,確切的說,對於時間旅行者而言,這種情況將不可能成真。

 

But this new research suggests that such interactions might indeed be possible - albeit only on a quantum level.

 

然而這項新的研究證明,此種相互作用的確是可能發生的 - 儘管僅於量子階層的尺度成立。

 

 

 

 

 

 

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